The immediate effect of individual manipulation techniques on pulmonary function measures in persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Table 4 Baseline to posttreatment percent changes

Technique	Minimal-touch Control	TLP with Activation	TLP Without Activation	Rib Raising	Myofascial Release	P Value
FVC	0.7 ± 5.0	0.3 ± 11.9	-1.4 ± 8.1	0.7 ± 8.3	-0.7 ± 6.2	0.67
FEV₁	0.6 ± 6.6	0.2 ± 7.8	-1.0 ± 7.8	1.2 ± 8.0	-1.4 ± 6.8	0.10
FEV₁/FVC	-0.2 ± 5.3	0.3 ± 9.8	0.4 ± 4.0	0.7 ± 6.4	-0.4 ± 5.3	0.71
FEF_25-75%	-2.4 ± 13.8	3.3 ± 23.4	-5.5 ± 21.9	0.7 ± 22.5	-7.3 ± 17.8	0.12
FEF_max	-2.4 ± 14.5	-6.3 ± 9.3	-5.6 ± 12.6	-6.1 ± 13.7	-5.5 ± 17.3	0.25
Expiratory time	1.9 ± 11.4	5.0 ± 20.9	-3.6 ± 12.4	5.2 ± 19.0	3.5 ± 15.5	0.48
MVV	-0.0 ± 10.5	-4.9 ± 10.7	-4.6 ± 8.6	-5.7 ± 10.1	-5.7 ± 9.6	0.40
SVC	-0.3 ± 7.7	-3.2 ± 7.2	-2.0 ± 7.4	0.6 ± 15.5	-3.5 ± 6.3	0.51
IC	-3.7 ± 9.9	2.5 ± 9.2	-0.6 ± 10.6	2.7 ± 14.3	-1.2 ± 10.1	0.21
ERV	10.9 ± 38.3	-12.4 ± 31.3	-6.9 ± 19.4	3.7 ± 59.8	-1.1 ± 30.9	0.09
TGV	-1.3 ± 8.2	0.6 ± 8.6	-1.6 ± 8.0	-3.2 ± 9.1	-0.2 ± 7.2	0.19
RV	-4.1 ± 17.4	3.2 ± 14.2	-1.3 ± 12.4	-1.9 ± 13.9	2.3 ± 11.1	0.10
TLC	-2.2 ± 6.1	1.1 ± 7.2	-1.4 ± 5.9	-1.1 ± 5.7	-0.5 ± 5.3	0.36
RV/TLC	-2.4 ± 14.5	1.6 ± 10.1	-0.2 ± 7.6	-1.2 ± 10.4	2.8 ± 7.4	0.21
Raw	3.0 ± 27.5	5.9 ± 33.3	22.9 ± 46.1	1.2 ± 28.8	0.7 ± 30.9	0.53

Results are reported as mean ± SD. Friedman tests were used to test for differences between the techniques.
FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FEF_25-75%, average forced expiratory flow rate over the middle 50% of the FVC; FEF_max, maximum forced expiratory flow rate; MVV, maximal voluntary volume; SVC, slow vital capacity; IC, inspiratory capacity; ERV, expiratory reserve volume; TGV, total gas volume; RV, residual volume; TLC, total lung capacity; Raw, airway resistance.