Table 2 Percentages of Correct Pretest and Posttest Answers Second Year (N = 101) and First Year (N = 53) Classes

1

Statistical significance

Second Year‡

15.8 (8.7-23.0)

32.7 (23.5-41.8)

First Year

15.1 (5.5-24.7)

20.8 (9.8-31.7)

2

Type II error

Second Year‡

30.7 (21.7-39.7)

54.5 (44.7-64.2)

First Year

35.8 (22.9-48.8)

34.0 (21.2-46.7)

3

Sensitivity-Specificity

Second Year‡

51.5 (41.7-61.2)

71.3 (62.5-80.1)

First Year

47.2 (33.7-60.6)

52.8 (39.4-66.3)

4

Phases of clinical trials†

Second Year‡

43.6 (33.9-53.2)

74.3 (65.7-82.8)

First Year

43.4 (30.1-56.7)

37.7 (24.7-50.8)

5

Linear regression

Second Year

47.5 (37.8-57.3)

50.5 (40.7-60.2)

First Year

52.8 (39.4-66.3)

49.1 (35.6-62.5)

6

Essential parts of published research

Second Year

57.4 (47.8-67.1)

53.5 (43.7-63.2)

First Year

67.9 (55.4-80.5)

54.7 (41.3-68.1)

7

Protection of human subjects

Second Year‡

11.9 (5.6-18.2)

40.6 (31.0-50.2)

First Year

13.2 (4.1-22.3)

13.2 (4.1-22.3)

8

Case-control design*

Second Year

3.0 (0.0-6.3)

6.9 (2.0-11.9)

First Year

0.0 (0.0-0.0)

3.8 (0.0-8.9)

9

Interpretation of results

Second Year

21.8 (13.7-29.8)

33.7 (24.4-42.9)

First Year

17.0 (6.9-27.1)

18.9 (8.3-29.4)

10

Define Bias*

Second Year

16.8 (9.5-24.1)

22.8 (14.6-31)

First Year

22.6 (11.4-33.9)

18.9 (8.3-29.4)

11

Power and sample size *

Second Year

4.0 (0.2-7.8)

11.9 (5.6-18.2)

First Year

15.1 (5.5-24.7)

13.2 (4.1-22.3)

12

Interpretation of descriptive statistics *

Second Year

35.6 (26.3-45.0)

45.5 (35.8-55.3)

First Year

45.3 (31.9-58.7)

37.7 (24.7-50.8)

13

Chi-square statistic

Second Year

25.7 (17.2-34.3)

37.6 (28.2-47.1)

First Year

32.1 (19.5-44.6)

17.0 (6.9-27.1)

14

Validity of results†

Second Year

68.3 (59.2-77.4)

70.3 (61.4-79.2)

First Year

77.4 (66.1-88.6)

71.7 (59.6-83.8)

15

Positive predictive value

Second Year‡

14.9 (7.9-21.8)

34.7 (25.4-43.9)

First Year

13.2 (4.1-22.3)

9.4 (1.6-17.3)

16

Continuous variables*

Second Year‡

12.9 (6.3-19.4)

30.7 (21.7-39.7)

First Year

35.8 (22.9-48.8)

22.6 (11.4-33.9)

17

Ordinal variables*

Second Year

27.7 (19-36.5)

44.6 (34.9-54.2)

First Year

24.5 (12.9-36.1)

24.5 (12.9-36.1)

18

Nominal variables*

Second Year

16.8 (9.5-24.1)

30.7 (21.7-39.7)

First Year‡

32.1 (19.5-44.6)

9.4 (1.6-17.3)

19

Research ethics

Second Year

28.7 (19.9-37.5)

24.8 (16.3-33.2)

First Year

20.8 (9.8-31.7)

22.6 (11.4-33.9)

20

Sample size calculations

Second Year

12.9 (6.3-19.4)

26.7 (18.1-35.4)

First Year

24.5 (12.9-36.1)

15.1 (5.5-24.7)