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Table 4 Crude odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteopathic palpatory findings according to element of somatic dysfunction, spinal segmental level, and laterality.*

From: A case-control study of osteopathic palpatory findings in type 2 diabetes mellitus

  

Laterality

Element of Somatic Dysfunction

Spinal Segmental Level

Left

Right

  

T2DM+

T2DM-

OR (95% CI)

T2DM+

T2DM-

OR (95% CI)

Skin changes

       
 

T5–T7

16/44

7/25

1.30 (0.47–3.58)

15/45

7/25

1.19 (0.43–3.31)

 

T8–T10

21/38

6/25

2.30 (0.82–6.50)

16/44

11/21

0.69 (0.27–1.75)

 

T11-L2

12/48

3/28

2.33 (0.61–8.99)

12/48

4/28

1.75 (0.51–5.95)

Trophic changes

       
 

T5–T7

24/35

10/21

1.44 (0.58–3.59)

27/31

15/17

0.99 (0.42–2.34)

 

T8–T10

25/34

11/21

1.40 (0.57–3.43)

24/35

9/23

1.75 (0.69–4.44)

 

T11-L2

19/40

9/23

1.21 (0.47–3.12)

22/38

8/24

1.74 (0.67–4.52)

Tissue changes

       
 

T5–T7

38/21

19/13

1.24 (0.51–3.00)

36/23

17/15

1.38 (0.58–3.29)

 

T8–T10

42/17

21/11

1.29 (0.51–3.25)

47/12

20/12

2.35 (0.90–6.11)†

 

T11-L2

45/14

19/12

2.03 (0.79–5.19)

47/12

15/17

4.44 (1.73–11.37)‡

Tenderness

       
 

T5–T7

13/47

4/28

1.94 (0.57–6.52)

13/47

4/28

1.94 (0.57–6.52)

 

T8–T10

11/46

4/28

1.67 (0.49–5.77)

14/44

3/29

3.08 (0.81–11.65)

 

T11-L2

18/42

3/28

4.00 (1.08–14.86)§

17/43

5/27

2.13 (0.71–6.46)

Immobility

       
 

T5–T7

40/19

24/8

0.70 (0.27–1.85)

40/19

14/17

2.56 (1.05–6.25)§

 

T8–T10

45/14

22/10

1.46 (0.56–3.81)

45/15

22/10

1.36 (0.53–3.52)

 

T11-L2

39/21

19/13

1.27 (0.53–3.07)

34/25

21/11

0.71 (0.29–1.74)

  1. *Table entries in the T2DM+ and T2DM- columns are the number of subjects with/without a positive osteopathic palpatory finding. These subjects represent cases/controls in the study. The ORs and 95% CIs are for risk of a positive osteopathic palpatory finding in subjects with T2DM vs. subjects without T2DM.
  2. †Statistical trend, .05 ≤ P < .10
  3. ‡P = .002.
  4. §P = .04.