Technique | Minimal-touch Control | TLP with Activation | TLP Without Activation | Rib Raising | Myofascial Release |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FVC (L) | 2.79 ± 0.99 | 2.83 ± 1.05 | 2.91 ± 1.05 | 2.75 ± 1.02 | 2.83 ± 1.02 |
 | 2.80 ± 0.97 | 2.79 ± 1.00 | 2.85 ± 1.01 | 2.77 ± 1.05 | 2.79 ± 0.97 |
 | P = 0.65 | P = 0.31 | P = 0.02 | P = 0.85 | P = 0.12 |
FEV1 (L) | 1.57 ± 0.79 | 1.59 ± 0.82 | 1.63 ± 0.78 | 1.51 ± 0.79 | 1.56 ± 0.75 |
 | 1.57 ± 0.79 | 1.58 ± 0.81 | 1.59 ± 0.75 | 1.53 ± 0.82 | 1.52 ± 0.71 |
 | P = 0.90 | P = 0.40 | P = 0.07 | P = 0.45 | P = 0.03 |
FEV1/FVC (%) | 55 ± 13 | 54 ± 13 | 55 ± 13 | 53 ± 12 | 54 ± 12 |
 | 54 ± 13 | 55 ± 14 | 55 ± 13 | 54 ± 13 | 53 ± 11 |
 | P = 0.67 | P = 0.73 | P = 0.63 | P = 0.46 | P = 0.46 |
FEF25-75% (L/s) | 0.81 ± 0.62 | 0.80 ± 0.61 | 0.82 ± 0.55 | 0.73 ± 0.52 | 0.75 ± 0.52 |
 | 0.78 ± 0.62 | 0.81 ± 0.59 | 0.75 ± 0.51 | 0.77 ± 0.62 | 0.68 ± 0.46 |
 | P = 0.26 | P = 0.30 | P = 0.006 | P = 0.56 | P = 0.007 |
FEFmax (L/s) | 4.55 ± 2.28 | 4.75 ± 2.34 | 4.79 ± 2.35 | 4.68 ± 2.35 | 4.69 ± 2.31 |
 | 4.41 ± 2.32 | 4.43 ± 2.16 | 4.55 ± 2.27 | 4.37 ± 2.31 | 4.42 ± 2.37 |
 | P = 0.38 | P = 0.001 | P = 0.08 | P = 0.01 | P = 0.007 |
Expiratory time (s) | 9.60 ± 1.63 | 9.54 ± 1.62 | 9.79 ± 2.52 | 10.00 ± 1.90 | 9.78 ± 1.74 |
 | 9.74 ± 1.77 | 9.99 ± 2.60 | 9.29 ± 1.95 | 10.37 ± 2.08 | 10.06 ± 2.01 |
 | P = 0.53 | P = 0.65 | P = 0.055 | P = 0.27 | P = 0.42 |
MVV (L/min) | 56 ± 30 | 58 ± 29 | 60 ± 31 | 56 ± 31 | 58 ± 30 |
 | 56 ± 30 | 55 ± 29 | 57 ± 30 | 52 ± 28 | 55 ± 30 |
 | P = 0.64 | P = 0.005 | P = 0.02 | P = 0.0004 | P = 0.03 |
SVC (L) | 2.91 ± 1.05 | 2.98 ± 1.08 | 3.05 ± 1.10 | 2.82 ± 1.05 | 3.07 ± 1.09 |
 | 2.90 ± 1.14 | 2.87 ± 1.04 | 2.98 ± 1.10 | 2.85 ± 1.12 | 2.95 ± 1.06 |
 | P = 0.42 | P = 0.04 | P = 0.09 | P = 0.81 | P = 0.008 |
IC (L) | 2.14 ± 0.78 | 2.10 ± 0.80 | 2.13 ± 0.79 | 2.00 ± 0.73 | 2.14 ± 0.77 |
 | 2.03 ± 0.72 | 2.12 ± 0.76 | 2.09 ± 0.76 | 2.06 ± 0.78 | 2.10 ± 0.76 |
 | P = 0.008 | P = 0.42 | P = 0.38 | P = 0.84 | P = 0.19 |
ERV (L) | 0.77 ± 0.44 | 0.88 ± 0.45 | 0.92 ± 0.51 | 0.82 ± 0.52 | 0.93 ± 0.55 |
 | 0.87 ± 0.62 | 0.75 ± 0.44 | 0.89 ± 0.64 | 0.79 ± 0.52 | 0.86 ± 0.48 |
 | P = 0.18 | P <0.0001 | P = 0.22 | P = 0.42 | P = 0.30 |
TGV (L) | 4.14 ± 0.91 | 4.17 ± 0.88 | 4.29 ± 0.97 | 4.32 ± 1.13 | 4.35 ± 1.05 |
 | 4.07 ± 0.90 | 4.18 ± 0.91 | 4.23 ± 1.03 | 4.16 ± 1.05 | 4.33 ± 1.08 |
 | P = 0.43 | P = 0.56 | P = 0.16 | P = 0.19 | P = 0.91 |
RV (L) | 3.36 ± 0.81 | 3.30 ± 0.77 | 3.38 ± 0.92 | 3.50 ± 1.21 | 3.41 ± 0.96 |
 | 3.19 ± 0.84 | 3.41 ± 0.93 | 3.33 ± 0.99 | 3.37 ± 1.01 | 3.48 ± 1.08 |
 | P = 0.15 | P = 0.03 | P = 0.48 | P = 0.62 | P = 0.34 |
TLC (L) | 6.27 ± 1.16 | 6.27 ± 1.14 | 6.41 ± 1.11 | 6.32 ± 1.31 | 6.47 ± 1.23 |
 | 6.10 ± 1.03 | 6.29 ± 0.99 | 6.33 ± 1.21 | 6.21 ± 1.14 | 6.44 ± 1.27 |
 | P = 0.07 | P = 0.41 | P = 0.22 | P = 0.39 | P = 0.34 |
RV/TLC (%) | 54 ± 12 | 53 ± 12 | 53 ± 13 | 55 ± 13 | 53 ± 13 |
 | 53 ± 13 | 55 ± 14 | 53 ± 13 | 55 ± 14 | 54 ± 13 |
 | P = 0.59 | P = 0.04 | P = 0.79 | P = 0.85 | P = 0.058 |
Raw (cm H2O/L/s) | 4.09 ± 3.18 | 3.94 ± 3.15 | 3.36 ± 2.19 | 4.30 ± 3.09 | 4.44 ± 3.17 |
 | 4.05 ± 2.76 | 3.94 ± 2.74 | 4.04 ± 3.20 | 4.22 ± 3.11 | 4.06 ± 2.75 |
 | P = 0.95 | P = 0.82 | P = 0.04 | P = 0.30 | P = 0.75 |