|
Technique
|
Minimal-touch Control
|
TLP with Activation
|
TLP Without Activation
|
Rib Raising
|
Myofascial Release
|
|---|
|
FVC (L)
|
2.79 ± 0.99
|
2.83 ± 1.05
|
2.91 ± 1.05
|
2.75 ± 1.02
|
2.83 ± 1.02
|
| |
2.80 ± 0.97
|
2.79 ± 1.00
|
2.85 ± 1.01
|
2.77 ± 1.05
|
2.79 ± 0.97
|
| |
P = 0.65
|
P = 0.31
|
P
= 0.02
|
P = 0.85
|
P = 0.12
|
|
FEV1 (L)
|
1.57 ± 0.79
|
1.59 ± 0.82
|
1.63 ± 0.78
|
1.51 ± 0.79
|
1.56 ± 0.75
|
| |
1.57 ± 0.79
|
1.58 ± 0.81
|
1.59 ± 0.75
|
1.53 ± 0.82
|
1.52 ± 0.71
|
| |
P = 0.90
|
P = 0.40
|
P = 0.07
|
P = 0.45
|
P
= 0.03
|
|
FEV1/FVC (%)
|
55 ± 13
|
54 ± 13
|
55 ± 13
|
53 ± 12
|
54 ± 12
|
| |
54 ± 13
|
55 ± 14
|
55 ± 13
|
54 ± 13
|
53 ± 11
|
| |
P = 0.67
|
P = 0.73
|
P = 0.63
|
P = 0.46
|
P = 0.46
|
|
FEF25-75% (L/s)
|
0.81 ± 0.62
|
0.80 ± 0.61
|
0.82 ± 0.55
|
0.73 ± 0.52
|
0.75 ± 0.52
|
| |
0.78 ± 0.62
|
0.81 ± 0.59
|
0.75 ± 0.51
|
0.77 ± 0.62
|
0.68 ± 0.46
|
| |
P = 0.26
|
P = 0.30
|
P
= 0.006
|
P = 0.56
|
P
= 0.007
|
|
FEFmax (L/s)
|
4.55 ± 2.28
|
4.75 ± 2.34
|
4.79 ± 2.35
|
4.68 ± 2.35
|
4.69 ± 2.31
|
| |
4.41 ± 2.32
|
4.43 ± 2.16
|
4.55 ± 2.27
|
4.37 ± 2.31
|
4.42 ± 2.37
|
| |
P = 0.38
|
P
= 0.001
|
P = 0.08
|
P
= 0.01
|
P
= 0.007
|
|
Expiratory time (s)
|
9.60 ± 1.63
|
9.54 ± 1.62
|
9.79 ± 2.52
|
10.00 ± 1.90
|
9.78 ± 1.74
|
| |
9.74 ± 1.77
|
9.99 ± 2.60
|
9.29 ± 1.95
|
10.37 ± 2.08
|
10.06 ± 2.01
|
| |
P = 0.53
|
P = 0.65
|
P = 0.055
|
P = 0.27
|
P = 0.42
|
|
MVV (L/min)
|
56 ± 30
|
58 ± 29
|
60 ± 31
|
56 ± 31
|
58 ± 30
|
| |
56 ± 30
|
55 ± 29
|
57 ± 30
|
52 ± 28
|
55 ± 30
|
| |
P = 0.64
|
P
= 0.005
|
P
= 0.02
|
P
= 0.0004
|
P
= 0.03
|
|
SVC (L)
|
2.91 ± 1.05
|
2.98 ± 1.08
|
3.05 ± 1.10
|
2.82 ± 1.05
|
3.07 ± 1.09
|
| |
2.90 ± 1.14
|
2.87 ± 1.04
|
2.98 ± 1.10
|
2.85 ± 1.12
|
2.95 ± 1.06
|
| |
P = 0.42
|
P
= 0.04
|
P = 0.09
|
P = 0.81
|
P
= 0.008
|
|
IC (L)
|
2.14 ± 0.78
|
2.10 ± 0.80
|
2.13 ± 0.79
|
2.00 ± 0.73
|
2.14 ± 0.77
|
| |
2.03 ± 0.72
|
2.12 ± 0.76
|
2.09 ± 0.76
|
2.06 ± 0.78
|
2.10 ± 0.76
|
| |
P
= 0.008
|
P = 0.42
|
P = 0.38
|
P = 0.84
|
P = 0.19
|
|
ERV (L)
|
0.77 ± 0.44
|
0.88 ± 0.45
|
0.92 ± 0.51
|
0.82 ± 0.52
|
0.93 ± 0.55
|
| |
0.87 ± 0.62
|
0.75 ± 0.44
|
0.89 ± 0.64
|
0.79 ± 0.52
|
0.86 ± 0.48
|
| |
P = 0.18
|
P
<0.0001
|
P = 0.22
|
P = 0.42
|
P = 0.30
|
|
TGV (L)
|
4.14 ± 0.91
|
4.17 ± 0.88
|
4.29 ± 0.97
|
4.32 ± 1.13
|
4.35 ± 1.05
|
| |
4.07 ± 0.90
|
4.18 ± 0.91
|
4.23 ± 1.03
|
4.16 ± 1.05
|
4.33 ± 1.08
|
| |
P = 0.43
|
P = 0.56
|
P = 0.16
|
P = 0.19
|
P = 0.91
|
|
RV (L)
|
3.36 ± 0.81
|
3.30 ± 0.77
|
3.38 ± 0.92
|
3.50 ± 1.21
|
3.41 ± 0.96
|
| |
3.19 ± 0.84
|
3.41 ± 0.93
|
3.33 ± 0.99
|
3.37 ± 1.01
|
3.48 ± 1.08
|
| |
P = 0.15
|
P
= 0.03
|
P = 0.48
|
P = 0.62
|
P = 0.34
|
|
TLC (L)
|
6.27 ± 1.16
|
6.27 ± 1.14
|
6.41 ± 1.11
|
6.32 ± 1.31
|
6.47 ± 1.23
|
| |
6.10 ± 1.03
|
6.29 ± 0.99
|
6.33 ± 1.21
|
6.21 ± 1.14
|
6.44 ± 1.27
|
| |
P = 0.07
|
P = 0.41
|
P = 0.22
|
P = 0.39
|
P = 0.34
|
|
RV/TLC (%)
|
54 ± 12
|
53 ± 12
|
53 ± 13
|
55 ± 13
|
53 ± 13
|
| |
53 ± 13
|
55 ± 14
|
53 ± 13
|
55 ± 14
|
54 ± 13
|
| |
P = 0.59
|
P
= 0.04
|
P = 0.79
|
P = 0.85
|
P = 0.058
|
|
Raw (cm H2O/L/s)
|
4.09 ± 3.18
|
3.94 ± 3.15
|
3.36 ± 2.19
|
4.30 ± 3.09
|
4.44 ± 3.17
|
| |
4.05 ± 2.76
|
3.94 ± 2.74
|
4.04 ± 3.20
|
4.22 ± 3.11
|
4.06 ± 2.75
|
| |
P = 0.95
|
P = 0.82
|
P
= 0.04
|
P = 0.30
|
P = 0.75
|
- Results are reported as mean ± SD. Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to test for significant baseline to posttreatment within-technique changes. Measures with significant within-technique changes are highlighted.
- FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FEF25-75%, average forced expiratory flow rate over the middle 50% of the FVC; FEFmax, maximum forced expiratory flow rate; MVV, maximal voluntary volume; SVC, slow vital capacity; IC, inspiratory capacity; ERV, expiratory reserve volume; TGV, total gas volume; RV, residual volume; TLC, total lung capacity; Raw, airway resistance.
