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Table 2 Baseline and posttreatment actual pulmonary function results for each technique

From: The immediate effect of individual manipulation techniques on pulmonary function measures in persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Technique

Minimal-touch Control

TLP with Activation

TLP Without Activation

Rib Raising

Myofascial Release

FVC (L)

2.79 ± 0.99

2.83 ± 1.05

2.91 ± 1.05

2.75 ± 1.02

2.83 ± 1.02

 

2.80 ± 0.97

2.79 ± 1.00

2.85 ± 1.01

2.77 ± 1.05

2.79 ± 0.97

 

P = 0.65

P = 0.31

P = 0.02

P = 0.85

P = 0.12

FEV1 (L)

1.57 ± 0.79

1.59 ± 0.82

1.63 ± 0.78

1.51 ± 0.79

1.56 ± 0.75

 

1.57 ± 0.79

1.58 ± 0.81

1.59 ± 0.75

1.53 ± 0.82

1.52 ± 0.71

 

P = 0.90

P = 0.40

P = 0.07

P = 0.45

P = 0.03

FEV1/FVC (%)

55 ± 13

54 ± 13

55 ± 13

53 ± 12

54 ± 12

 

54 ± 13

55 ± 14

55 ± 13

54 ± 13

53 ± 11

 

P = 0.67

P = 0.73

P = 0.63

P = 0.46

P = 0.46

FEF25-75% (L/s)

0.81 ± 0.62

0.80 ± 0.61

0.82 ± 0.55

0.73 ± 0.52

0.75 ± 0.52

 

0.78 ± 0.62

0.81 ± 0.59

0.75 ± 0.51

0.77 ± 0.62

0.68 ± 0.46

 

P = 0.26

P = 0.30

P = 0.006

P = 0.56

P = 0.007

FEFmax (L/s)

4.55 ± 2.28

4.75 ± 2.34

4.79 ± 2.35

4.68 ± 2.35

4.69 ± 2.31

 

4.41 ± 2.32

4.43 ± 2.16

4.55 ± 2.27

4.37 ± 2.31

4.42 ± 2.37

 

P = 0.38

P = 0.001

P = 0.08

P = 0.01

P = 0.007

Expiratory time (s)

9.60 ± 1.63

9.54 ± 1.62

9.79 ± 2.52

10.00 ± 1.90

9.78 ± 1.74

 

9.74 ± 1.77

9.99 ± 2.60

9.29 ± 1.95

10.37 ± 2.08

10.06 ± 2.01

 

P = 0.53

P = 0.65

P = 0.055

P = 0.27

P = 0.42

MVV (L/min)

56 ± 30

58 ± 29

60 ± 31

56 ± 31

58 ± 30

 

56 ± 30

55 ± 29

57 ± 30

52 ± 28

55 ± 30

 

P = 0.64

P = 0.005

P = 0.02

P = 0.0004

P = 0.03

SVC (L)

2.91 ± 1.05

2.98 ± 1.08

3.05 ± 1.10

2.82 ± 1.05

3.07 ± 1.09

 

2.90 ± 1.14

2.87 ± 1.04

2.98 ± 1.10

2.85 ± 1.12

2.95 ± 1.06

 

P = 0.42

P = 0.04

P = 0.09

P = 0.81

P = 0.008

IC (L)

2.14 ± 0.78

2.10 ± 0.80

2.13 ± 0.79

2.00 ± 0.73

2.14 ± 0.77

 

2.03 ± 0.72

2.12 ± 0.76

2.09 ± 0.76

2.06 ± 0.78

2.10 ± 0.76

 

P = 0.008

P = 0.42

P = 0.38

P = 0.84

P = 0.19

ERV (L)

0.77 ± 0.44

0.88 ± 0.45

0.92 ± 0.51

0.82 ± 0.52

0.93 ± 0.55

 

0.87 ± 0.62

0.75 ± 0.44

0.89 ± 0.64

0.79 ± 0.52

0.86 ± 0.48

 

P = 0.18

P <0.0001

P = 0.22

P = 0.42

P = 0.30

TGV (L)

4.14 ± 0.91

4.17 ± 0.88

4.29 ± 0.97

4.32 ± 1.13

4.35 ± 1.05

 

4.07 ± 0.90

4.18 ± 0.91

4.23 ± 1.03

4.16 ± 1.05

4.33 ± 1.08

 

P = 0.43

P = 0.56

P = 0.16

P = 0.19

P = 0.91

RV (L)

3.36 ± 0.81

3.30 ± 0.77

3.38 ± 0.92

3.50 ± 1.21

3.41 ± 0.96

 

3.19 ± 0.84

3.41 ± 0.93

3.33 ± 0.99

3.37 ± 1.01

3.48 ± 1.08

 

P = 0.15

P = 0.03

P = 0.48

P = 0.62

P = 0.34

TLC (L)

6.27 ± 1.16

6.27 ± 1.14

6.41 ± 1.11

6.32 ± 1.31

6.47 ± 1.23

 

6.10 ± 1.03

6.29 ± 0.99

6.33 ± 1.21

6.21 ± 1.14

6.44 ± 1.27

 

P = 0.07

P = 0.41

P = 0.22

P = 0.39

P = 0.34

RV/TLC (%)

54 ± 12

53 ± 12

53 ± 13

55 ± 13

53 ± 13

 

53 ± 13

55 ± 14

53 ± 13

55 ± 14

54 ± 13

 

P = 0.59

P = 0.04

P = 0.79

P = 0.85

P = 0.058

Raw (cm H2O/L/s)

4.09 ± 3.18

3.94 ± 3.15

3.36 ± 2.19

4.30 ± 3.09

4.44 ± 3.17

 

4.05 ± 2.76

3.94 ± 2.74

4.04 ± 3.20

4.22 ± 3.11

4.06 ± 2.75

 

P = 0.95

P = 0.82

P = 0.04

P = 0.30

P = 0.75

  1. Results are reported as mean ± SD. Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to test for significant baseline to posttreatment within-technique changes. Measures with significant within-technique changes are highlighted.
  2. FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FEF25-75%, average forced expiratory flow rate over the middle 50% of the FVC; FEFmax, maximum forced expiratory flow rate; MVV, maximal voluntary volume; SVC, slow vital capacity; IC, inspiratory capacity; ERV, expiratory reserve volume; TGV, total gas volume; RV, residual volume; TLC, total lung capacity; Raw, airway resistance.